Abstract
This chapter focuses on the remote-area power-supply (RAPS) systems and the use of valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries in them. RAPS systems are expected to operate reliably in a variety of inhospitable environments. They can be confronted with the searing heat of the desert, the stifling humidity of the rainforests, or the intense cold of the tundra. The facilities may even be sited on oceans or atop mountains. RAPS systems capable of supplying continuous power must have either a diesel generator in constant operation and/or a battery bank. If renewable energy is abundant, RAPS systems can also include a photovoltaic (PV) array, a wind generator, and/or a hydro-generator. The use of VRLA batteries in RAPS systems is very attractive where space is limited and/or real estate is expensive. The batteries can generally be operated on their sides and can be stacked together closely in racks as access is not required for water maintenance. This can result in a 50% decrease in both the footprint and the volume taken up by the battery bank. The reduced tendency of VRLA batteries to exhibit stratification can increase the life of the RAPS system components and also improves the efficiency of the system, especially when a diesel generator is included.
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