Abstract
This chapter discusses the role played by the separator in the valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries. The separator, or more precisely the system employed to immobilize the electrolyte, is a critical component in a VRLA battery because it provides the means for valve-regulated operation. Provision must be made for the electrolyte to have ready access to the active material on the positive and negative plates and for free passage of oxygen from the positive plate to the negative plate during charging. Simultaneously, the separator system must offer all the properties necessary for the flooded version of the lead–acid cell from which the VRLA design has been developed. These properties include: chemical stability in the acid environment, electronic insulation, sufficient open porosity to allow low ionic resistance through the electrolyte phase, good dimensional stability, and adequate strength to prevent puncture by lead dendrites. The separators also enable high rates—and hence high-power performance—to be obtained from VRLA batteries.
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