Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is a globally notifiable fish pathogen that causes disease in common carp and their varieties of koi carp and carp hybrids (Cyprinus carpio x Carassius auratus). The initial reported outbreaks of KHV disease (KHVD) came from Israel, the United States of America, and Germany in 1997–1998. However, KHV likely emerged before then in Great Britain (1996) causing a carp disease symptomatic of a herpesvirus. KHVD causes rapid and high mortality (>80%), and the disease has been spread globally by trade movements of carp and koi that are latent carriers of KHV. This chapter aims to summarize key information on the current knowledge of KHVD pathogenesis, in particular, the role of temperature increase and reactivation of KHV in nonnaïve fish. Aspects of vaccination to control KHVD and the concept of using KHV in the biocontrol of feral carp are briefly discussed.
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