Abstract
In this chapter, the application of energy and exergy analyses to cryogenic and liquefaction systems is described. Cryogenic engineering is the design, development, and improvement of low-temperature (usually below −150°C or 123K) systems and components. Applications of cryogenic engineering include liquefaction and separation of gases, high-field magnets and sophisticated electronic devices that use the superconductivity of materials at low temperatures, space simulation, food freezing, medical uses such as cryogenic surgery, and various chemical processes. A comprehensive exergy analysis is presented of a multi-stage cascade refrigeration cycle used for natural gas liquefaction, which is a cryogenic process. The multi-stage cascade cryogenic system is described and an exergy analysis of the cycle components and the minimum work required for liquefaction are provided.
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