Abstract
It is generally recognized that there are various ignition sources in a process facility—e.g., open flames, electrical devices, and sparks. To protect both personnel and the plant, precautions must be taken to ensure that the atmosphere cannot be ignited. The overall objective is to remove or provide a barrier in between these ignition sources and materials that can readily ignite if contact is made. The ability of these sources to ignite a material depends on its available energy and configuration. Ignition sources are typically open flames, cutting and welding, hot surfaces, radiant heat, lightning, smoking, spontaneous ignition, frictional heat or sparks, static electricity, electrical sparks, stray currents, ovens, furnaces, and heating equipment and pyrotechnic materials. This chapter examines these sources and measures that can be taken to prevent them from being an ignition source.
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