Abstract
Being sessile, plants remained in close association with varied microflora having both positive and negative impact on their growth and development. Viruses are one of them, often considered as disease causing organism. However, recent studies showed that viruses have both positive and negative impact on their host. In this chapter, we mainly focused on the positive aspects of viruses. Viruses alter the physiology of plant in number of ways and many times these changes help plants to sustain in adverse conditions. Mild strains of viruses are commonly used to provide protection from the disease causing ones. A number of viral genes were found in plants and same is true with viruses harboring plant genes, reflecting a close association between these. A number of plant genes were found in viral genome and same is with viral genes in plant genome, whose function are not clear. Viruses act as catalyst to study plant defense mechanism (RNA silencing) and other related pathways to understand host pathogen interaction and these studies significantly added new knowledge by which effective strategies to develop virus resistance cultivars were developed. New tools like virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) were developed. RNA silencing and VIGS system added significant knowledge in functional genomics.
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