Abstract
GM plants with RNAi - golden mosaic resistant bean
Highlights
RNA silencing is a biochemical mechanism that regulates gene expression by post-transcriptionally activating a sequence-specific RNA degradation by three different pathways: (i) small interfering RNA silencing of exogenous mRNA; (ii) micro RNA silencing of endogenous mRNAs, and (iii) associated with DNA methylation and suppression of transcription [2]
One key-component of this system is small RNA molecules of 21 to 26 nt called small interfering RNA (siRNA) which originated from longer double-stranded RNA cleaved by a specific RNase endonuclease called DICER with distinctive double-strand RNA (dsRNA) binding, RNA helicase, RNase III and PAZ (Piwi/Argonaute/Zwille) domains
The siRNA strands are further relaxed and one strand is incorporated in a RISC complex (RNA-induced silencing complex) which contains a member of the Argonaute (Ago) protein family, guiding this complex to an mRNA with a complementary sequence, which is cleaved, leading to gene silencing
Summary
RNA silencing is a biochemical mechanism that regulates gene expression by post-transcriptionally activating a sequence-specific RNA degradation by three different pathways: (i) small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of exogenous mRNA; (ii) micro RNA (miRNA) silencing of endogenous mRNAs, and (iii) associated with DNA methylation and suppression of transcription [2]. These processes share three basic biochemical phases: (i) formation of double-stranded (ds)RNA; (ii) processing of dsRNA into small dsRNA molecules (sRNA); and (iii) targeting of single-stranded small RNA to sequence-specific DNA or RNA molecules. In addition to playing a powerful role in creating loss of function mutations in plants, RNAi biological functions include the regulation of endogenous gene expressions, such as micro RNA (miRNA), heterochromatin formation, transposon repression and defence against viral infection [2,3].
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