Abstract
Supporting, regulating, provisioning, and cultural services are ecosystem benefits enjoyed by humans. According to the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, humans are depleting the Earth’s natural resources and living capital, decreasing biodiversity, and putting the well-being of current and future humanity at risk. Balancing ecosystem services with agricultural production is essential to meet the needs of a growing global population while minimizing environmental impacts of agriculture. Soils under agroforestry (AGF) practices promote many ecosystem services. Enhanced carbon sequestration is a major regulating service that helps mitigate global warming and can increase soil productivity. Agroforestry practices also improve soil and water conservation, soil water storage, soil biodiversity, and reduce chemical pollution effects on water quality. These services are difficult to measure independently, because they are interlinked. Landowners and farmers who adopt these practices provide multiple services and benefits to society at local, regional, continental, and global scales.
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