Abstract
Different cropping systems offer both positive and negative effects for soil ecosystem services. The direction of these effects will depend on the management practices used for a given system. Good management practices, which include crop rotations, cover crops, and reduced tillage, will yield positive economic and environmental benefits to soil ecosystems. Such management will yield high sustainability and productivity along with healthy soil. In general, conventional agricultural production systems are chemical- and tillage-intense, and as such soil health in these systems is not optimal. These systems tend to degrade soil health because they lead to poor biological, chemical, and physical properties.
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