Abstract
Articular cartilage and subchondral bone are tissues designed to provide near frictionless joint movement and withstanding load during locomotion. Clinically relevant repair or regeneration of damaged or degenerated articular tissue remains a challenge. Recapitulation of the matrix structure and cellular organization in repair tissues is key to generating long-term functional repair tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technique that can address many of the challenges facing successful regeneration of these tissues. This chapter introduces the structure and function of cartilage and subchondral bone, provides a brief overview of joint degeneration, and lists the challenges of cell-based repair. The state-of-the-art in 3D bioprinting technologies is presented with a focus on osteochondral tissue and recent advances in direct in situ 3D printing. Finally, the challenges of using this technology are presented, as well as a perspective on the future of 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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