Abstract
Transgenerational effects of exposure to environmental factors are increasingly evident, and have raised the hypothesis that environmentally-induced phenotypes can be heritable. Recent exploration of the potential implication of non-genetic processes in this inheritance has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and microRNAs are likely involved. This chapter highlights evidence for the transmission of the effect of maternal and paternal exposure to environmental factors in mammals. It focuses on the distinction between experience-dependent and germline mechanisms of epigenetic transmission and describes the interaction between these routes of inheritance in the prediction of outcomes in the offspring.
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