Abstract
Improving the sensitivity and resolution of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has become a significant field in analytical chemistry. The lower limits of detection and quantification can be achieved by using online sample concentration or stacking techniques. The enrichment of the analytes in a sample occurs within the capillary prior to separation. The analytes are focused into narrow zones inside the capillary by manipulating the electric field strength and/or separation electrolyte(s). On the other hand, the resolution can be dramatically increased by combining two or more different CE modes into a multidimensional (MD) system. The peak capacity obtained in such MD system is a product of peak capacities from each dimension. This chapter summarizes the development in stacking and MD separations in CE. The principles of stackings and their modification are presented. The MD CE is divided on comprehensive and heart-cutting or interface and interface-free MD systems. Combination of stacking and MD separations in CE is also discussed.
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