Abstract
Characterization of the solvents used in mobile phase are discussed according to the miscibility, Hildebrand solubility parameter, elutropic strength, polarity, octanol/water partition constant, and liquid–gas partition coefficient. Polarity of solvents is discussed in terms of solvatochromic model and Kamlet–Taft parameters. Other specific physicochemical properties of solvents used as mobile phase with some role in the separation such as solvent viscosity, dielectric constant, superficial tension, dipole moment, and polarizability are also presented. Selection of mobile phase as influencing the chromatographic detection is discussed according to parameters such as refractive index, UV cut-off value, fluorescence, or the formation of ions for mass spectrometric detection. Buffers and additives are very important components of the mobile phase and their influence is discussed in a separate section. The influence of organic solvent and temperature on the pH of the mobile phase is detailed according to the newest models from the literature. The values of the main physical parameters of the solvents presented in this chapter can be found in Appendix 7.
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