Abstract

Polymeric biomaterials have played an important role in the advancement of modern medicine. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been established as natural, renewable, nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible thermoplastics since the 20th century. The versatility of PHAs in terms of flexible monomer chemistry and desired surface modifications gives rise to polymers with great physical and mechanical property diversity. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been explored as a promising material for biomedical applications. Diverse animal model and tissue response studies on this polymer have suggested it to be a suitable material for fabrication of resorbable medical devices, such as sutures, wound dressings, cardiovascular grafts, bone and cartilage scaffolds, and tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery, and nerve guides. Various modification reactions attempted to improve the mechanical, thermal, and hydrophilic properties of the polymer are briefly discussed. The chapter discusses the progress, recent advances, potential applications, and challenges of using PHB for biomedical applications.

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