Abstract
Gas hydrates are a special form of clathrates. Water is the host molecule of gas hydrates and the number of water molecules required to form them increases with the size of the guest molecule to be captured. Hydrates are classified into simple and mixed hydrates, depending on whether one or more host or guest molecules compose the compound. They also exhibit different structures. The main problem of hydrate formation arises in pipelines transporting natural gas, because gas hydrates are solids and leave deposits. The solid deposits reduce the effective diameter of the pipeline and restrict or even clog the flow. The formation of condensates, hydrates, or ice may occur during the decompression of natural gas stored in natural reservoirs. The operation of oil and gas pipelines in the deep sea is interfered by the formation of gas hydrates. In static conditions, three types of hydrate crystals can be formed—namely, surface-contact films and massive hydrates, bulk diffusional whisker-like hydrate, and gel-like soft crystals.
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