Abstract

Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that helps the immune system of the patients combat cancer and has revolutionized the field of oncology by prolonging the survival of patients with certain rapidly fatal cancers. The main types of biological cancer immunotherapy are antibodies addressed at specific tumor antigens involved in immune checkpoint inhibition or immunomodulation, cytokines, CAR T cells, and bacteria. Small-molecule immunotherapy, based on the modulation of a variety of signaling pathways related to immune response, is an emerging approach. Cancer vaccines are also discussed.

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