Abstract
A fundamental understanding of research design and biostatistics is essential for the practicing clinician to be an effective and responsible consumer of the medical literature and to be at the forefront of innovation in medicine through basic science and translational and clinical research. This chapter provides a succinct overview of the essential concepts in evidence-based medicine, research design, and biostatistics. This chapter emphasizes commonly used research designs, design flaws and error, sample size estimates, outcome measures, statistics and basic principles of hypothesis testing, validity, reliability and statistical interpretation. The content of this chapter aligns well with commonly used tools and concepts seen in orthopaedic research and on orthopaedic exams.
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