Abstract
Homeostasis of metal ions such as zinc is critical for healthy brain development and function. In particular, zinc deficiency and the resulting imbalance in the Cu/Zn ratio have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a causative risk factor in human and animal studies. Thus, the possibility of influencing trace metal (zinc) status during pregnancy as a prevention strategy for ASD, and the targeted manipulation of local trace metal levels in the brain as a therapeutic strategy, is an emerging concept in ASD research. However, trace metal supplementation has limitations that arise due to the presence of tissue barriers such as the intestinal barrier and the blood–brain barrier. Apart from oral metal supplements, methods for a controlled and targeted manipulation of tissue trace metal concentrations are still in their infancy. This chapter briefly summarizes key findings and impediments of trace metal supplementation with a focus on zinc and the ability to manipulate brain zinc levels and describes current methods and compounds for metal ion chelation, redistribution, and supplementation that may have relevance for ASD.
Published Version
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