Chapter 13 - Application of artificial intelligence in the mapping and measurement of soil pollution

Abstract

Trace amounts of contaminant are naturally present in soils. Therefore their existence is not evidence of definite pollution until their presence becomes detrimental and, in such a scenario, they are considered an environmental and human health risk. To help discriminate the pollutant concentration points, the mapping and measurement of unique contaminant distributions from point sources are important. Successful soil pollution mapping and evaluation are also critical for the regeneration of degraded habitats, the enhancement of human health, and the preservation of the quality of soil in an area. However, the mapping and measurement of soil pollution are often challenging, especially when conducted using traditional analytical methods. In this technology-driven age, artificial intelligence has proven effective. Therefore, in this chapter, different AI models applied in the mapping and measurement of soil pollution are elucidated with case studies, as well as relevant information regarding their merits and demerits.