Abstract
This chapter describes adjuvant arthritis, which is a disease inducible in genetically susceptible rats. Adjuvant arthritis is a disease inducible in genetically susceptible rats by a single intracutaneous inoculation of killed mycobacteria suspended in oil, a substance known as complete Freund's adjuvant. The disease is inducible in rats, and wide variations in frequency and severity of lesions are observed in different strains. Mice are in general not susceptible to adjuvant arthritis as induced in rats. It was seen that bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) cell walls emulsified in different adjuvants injected into one hind paw led in some mice to a migratory polyarthritis that also affected the non-injected hind paw and resembled a transient adjuvant disease as normally seen in rats. The nature of the autoantigen in adjuvant arthritis is unknown. Indirect evidence suggests that cellular immunity directed against cartilage proteoglycans plays a role. An arthritogenic T-cell clone with specificity for the hsp 65 molecule of mycobacteria has been seen to respond to proteoglycans, and preimmunization with proteoglycans has been seen to increase the incidence and severity of adjuvant arthritis.
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