Abstract
Vanadium metal and alloy products include vanadium metal, vanadium–nitrogen alloy, vanadium–aluminum alloy, and vanadium carbide. Vanadium and its alloys are closely related to iron, steel, and nonferrous metal products with respect to their application scale and characteristics and are, hence, important vanadium products. Vanadium metal and alloy products are produced mainly from vanadium pentoxide, vanadium trioxide, and vanadium halide as raw materials, which are processed via reduction using reductants such as carbon, hydrogen, and alkali metals. The alkali metalsc K and Na are particularly active, but the reactions are not easy to control. Hence, Ca and Al are generally chosen for vanadium oxide reduction. Mg can be used for the vanadium halide reduction, while ferrovanadium chlorination produces vanadium chloride. Vanadium metal and alloy products are thereby produced by metal reduction. According to the product quality and process requirements, metal or hydrocarbon reductants are selected.
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