Abstract
The treatment of infectious diseases is still a serious issue owing to the increased antimicrobial resistance by pathogens. The pathogens hide in the intracellular environment, where it is difficult for the drugs to reach at therapeutic dosage levels. Also the drug loses its efficiency at certain environments before it reaches the pathogens. This will in turn ask for frequent administration and high drug dosage, resulting in toxicity issues. This calls for the need of nanoparticles that can specifically deliver drugs to the pathogen-inhabited cell. Biodegradation, mass production, equal biodistribution, and long shelf-life of nanomaterials render them attractive substitutes for biomedical purposes. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles by biomolecules has steered a new way for tempering with the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs as well as improving the effectiveness of targeted drugs. The opportunity of therapeutic molecule being affixed to the nanoparticles by chemical modification has presented a unique drug delivery alternative. These stratagems are expected to reduce drug degradation and loss, enhance drug availability, and unlock new outlooks for drug delivery.
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