Abstract
This chapter covers basic concepts of color science. The chapter illustrates how 3-D assemblies leading to a plethora of colors are handled in nature. This atypical color chemistry chapter will invoke ideas that lead to the design of useful colorants. The intent of this chapter is to provide a summary of the various intriguing optical phenomena that have attracted the attention of scientists like Newton, Rayleigh and Michelson in the context of color science. An attempt was made to point out the interesting and fascinating color effects that can be found in nature. Significant progress has been made in the area of colorless (interference) pigments producing angle-dependent color that can be used widely. The focus of this chapter is on color due to physical structures and not colors due to absorption. Water occupies a special place in the discussion of color, even though its color results from absorption. This is due to the fact that the selective absorption in the red part of the visible spectrum promotes transitions to high overtones leading to highly excited vibrations.
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