Abstract
Microbial inoculum remained an emerging technique to separate diverse fractions of organic waste. The inoculum was prepared from indigenous microbes able to degrade diverse organic compounds when coming in contact intracellularly or extracellularly. Their mode of degradation is β-oxidation. The end product of such degradation had a negligible adverse effect on the surrounding environment when released. The rate of degradation of such compounds by individual indigenous microorganisms is extremely slow. Microbial consortium remained the best option. Numerous microbial consortia are available commercially. Nonetheless, their success to degrade organic compounds under the change in temperature needs further research. This leads to the search for new microbes (thermophilic microbes). Thermophilic bacteria are present in soil naturally. These bacteria accelerate crop growth and development via optimizing the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the shoot necessary for a healthy crop. Several genera of thermophilic microbes were isolated and had been screened for their ability to degrade organic compounds. They release root exudates to enhance plant growth. This chapter will be focused on the thermophilic community diversity and changes in their composition concerning function indexed by enzymes in organic waste soil. Furthermore, the significance of culture-independent methods to isolate specific genera of thermophilic microbes encoding genes expression will also be discussed. New trends in understanding the changes that occur in the microgenome expression using sequencing techniques such as analysis of metagenomic DNA (structure and function) content, or using metatranscriptomics that investigate the diverse gene expression within the microbial community will also be summarized. The interaction between thermophilic bacteria and horticulture crops for better horticulture crops for sustainable economic growth of the country will also be explored.
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