Abstract
Cellulose is a naturally abundant renewable biopolymer having excellent chemical and mechanical properties, biodegradability, etc. The ability to convert cellulose from waste biomass into ultrafine dimensions has further expanded the range of properties and scope of application for this biopolymer. Nanocellulose refers to two different types of nanomaterials: short, low-aspect-ratio cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) or cellulose nanowhiskers and long, high-aspect-ratio cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). CNCs and CNFs are attractive as mechanical reinforcements and proton conducting networks in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) of fuel cells. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent work on nanocellulose-based composite materials used as PEMs in low- and high-temperature fuel cells. We also briefly review the use of nanocellulose as catalyst support layer and applications of nanocellulose in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.
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