Abstract
This chapter summarises the role of dairy foods in contributing to bone growth in children, adolescents, and bone maintenance in young adults. The concept of bone health will be defined initially and the physiological changes in bone mass and structure which occur during growth up to the age of peak bone mass in young adulthood will be described. The main focus of the chapter is to discuss literature summarising the effects of key bone nutrients and dairy food consumption on bone mass accrual with a particular emphasis on evidence from randomised trials. The key methodological issues of compliance with dietary intervention, lack of deficiency prior to intervention, stage of skeletal growth, sample sizes, and drop-outs will be highlighted. Limitations associated with using bone mineral density as a measure of bone changes in response to intervention during growth will be discussed. The chapter will also summarise the limited evidence on the effects of bone-related nutrients on fracture risk in children.
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