Chapter 11 - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Source of secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread root colonization fungi associated with more than 80% of the roots of higher plants. The current multiplication methods of mycorrhizal species under root organ culture (ROC) have now become an efficient alternative for the cultivation of specific secondary metabolite compounds. AMF species under ROC produce more viable pure AMF spores, and the presence of several vesicles with extensive intraradical mycelium may further exhibit higher inoculum potential. Many types of research have revealed that AMF fungi lead to significant changes in the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites that originate from aromatic and medicinal plants of greater economic interest. However, many works of literature further described constraint regarding the production of metabolites under natural conditions. The study revealed that ROC could be a better option for the commercial production of specific secondary metabolites (SM). This review surveys the results of current studies and concludes that inoculation with specific arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can increase the concentration of secondary metabolites that have industrial, medicinal, and pharmaceutical potential.