Abstract
Mechanical models are summarized for the co-eruptive behavior of basaltic eruptions, predicting the evolution of eruption rate during the eruption. The models apply to magma flow in a channel after its establishment, feeding an eruption site, and draining magma from an underlying magma body. The channel has a circular or rectangular cross-section, and the underlying magma body has the shape of a sphere or an oblate ellipsoid. Piston-type caldera collapse is also considered. Magma flow rate scales with the evolution of pressure driving the flow. The driving pressure, and therefore, the magma flow rate, decline exponentially. The decay constant is dependent on the properties of the channel, the magma body, and the host rock. The model predictions are compared to observations of recent basaltic eruptions in Iceland: The Eyjafjallajökull 2010 flank eruption on Fimmvörðuháls, the Grímsvötn 2011 eruption, and 2014–2015 activity and the Holuhraun eruption in the Bárðarbunga volcanic system.
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