Chapter 10 - Micro and nanoemulsions in colorectal cancer

Abstract

Nano/microemulsions (NE/MEs) are a promising drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer therapy because they target tumor cells specifically while avoiding multidrug resistance and minimizing toxicity in healthy cells and tissues. However, the production procedure and metabolism of the medication and excipients must be carefully considered to ensure these formulations’ efficacy and safety. Clinical trials and regulatory approval are also necessary to validate the effectiveness and safety of these formulations before they can be widely used in cancer therapy. As cancer remains a multifactorial disease with no fully effective treatment yet discovered, developing safe and effective NE/MEs is crucial for advancing cancer therapy. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum, part of the digestive system. It is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cancer in women. The incidence rate of CRC is about 10%, which means that about 1 in 10 people will develop CRC in their lifetime. The development of colon-specific targeted DDSs can overcome the limitations of conventional delivery systems for treating CRC. Conventional DDSs often have limitations regarding nonspecific biodistribution, drug resistance, and unwanted adverse effects. These limitations can be overcome by targeted delivery systems designed to deliver drugs specifically to the cancer site.