Abstract
The ongoing concern of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has raised the need for development of new antibacterial agents to control infectious diseases. The recent developments in nanotechnology have led to a range of nanomaterials that provide new opportunities to target pathogenic bacteria. Time will reveal whether bacteria develop resistance against nano-based antimicrobial agents; however, at least at this stage, it appears unlikely because most nano-based antimicrobial agents cause physical disintegration of bacteria, which is typically not the case with antibiotics. To effectively use nanomaterials for antibacterial applications, it is critical to control their physicochemical properties, because these properties dictate their mode of action. This chapter provides a snapshot of how various physicochemical properties of engineered nanomaterials such as shape, size, composition, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and surface corona influence their antibacterial action.
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