Abstract
Halozymes are enzymes produced by halophilic microorganisms. Halophilic microorganisms are mainly reported from saline and hypersaline environments and are considered a potential source of halophilic extremozymes also known as halozymes. Their unique chemical, structural, and physiological features allow them to be effective under extreme conditions where mesophilic enzymes cease to function. They are extraordinarily adapted to high salt concentrations, temperature, pH, and heavy metals concentration. Classes of halophilic enzymes like hydrolases, oxidoreductases, transferases, and lyases are well known for their industrial and biotechnological values. Different genera of halophilic microorganisms including Halobacillus, Haloferax, Halobacterium, Marinococcus, Natronococcus, and Acinetobacter are harnessed for halozyme production. The biocatalytic potential of halozymes depends on their protein structure. Apart from their use in the textile, agriculture, food, detergent, pulp, and paper industries, they also contribute to the bioremediation of toxic pollutants. Extremozymes produced by halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms have been proven as a sustainable tool in the development of the bioeconomy.
Published Version
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