Abstract
The blast furnace is the most prolific of the metallurgical furnaces operating in the world. In 2016, over 1 billion tonnes of molten iron were produced from 700 to 900 blast furnaces operating on every continent, except Antarctica. Using iron ore-based sinter and pellets and fuels that include metallurgical coke and injected hydrocarbons, the blast furnace produces a carbon-saturated iron alloy known as hot metal—an important raw material for producing steel. The countercurrent flow of gas and solids makes the blast furnace extremely efficient from both a chemical and thermal point of view. The objectives of this chapter are to:
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