Abstract
Plants and animals produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to infection. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced during tissue pathogenesis and in response to viral or chemical toxicants induce a complex series of downstream adaptive and reparative events driven by the associated oxidative and nitrative stress. As highlighted by all the studies, ROS and RNS can promote diverse biological responses associated with a spectrum of disorders, including neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular diseases. Similar pathways are implicated during the process of liver and skin carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species drive sustained cell proliferation, cell death, including both apoptosis and necrosis, formation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations, and in some cases stimulation of a proangiogenic environment. In this chapter, evidence is presented in diverse tissues, including the liver, brain, heart, and skin, to highlight common themes.
Published Version
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