Chapter 1 - Introduction

Abstract

Nanomaterials are emerging extraordinary zero- and two-dimensional materials. They are derived from bulk materials or self-assembled from micromolecules. The most intuitive way to observe the changes of nanomaterials is by microscopes, especially those ultrasensitive ones, such as scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, confocal fluorescence microscope, scanning tunneling microscope, and atomic force microscope. Nanomaterials possess typical optical and electric properties, which can be detected by fluorescence spectrophotometer, Raman spectrometer, and electrochemical workstation. In this chapter, classic synthesis methods and typical characterization of novel nanomaterials were summarized. Recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of novel nanomaterials and our fundamental understanding of their properties has led to significant advances in biomedical, environmental, and energy applications. Furthermore, their applications in biomedical diagnosis of cancer, bioimaging, air pollution control, and efficient energy generation and storage are thoroughly introduced and discussed in detail.