Abstract

Parallelism is a general term used to characterize a variety of simultaneities occurring in modern computers. The main advantage offered by parallelism is improved speed. This chapter presents an introduction to parallel processing. It presents a few models of parallel computation that either are extensions of the von Neumann model or are developed especially for parallel computations. Parallel processing has great flexibility that causes many programming problems, but permits parallelism to be analyzed at several levels of complexity. The growing importance of parallel processing is reflected by the large number of applications that embrace it. Parallel processing permeates almost all the aspects of computer science and engineering. It includes the study of parallel algorithms and architectures and much more. Many factors contribute to the performance of parallel systems: understanding the interaction among software, hardware architectures, technology, theory, and applications is of great importance.

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