Chapter 1 - Embedded System Verification: An Introduction

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to introduce embedded system verification. This chapter provides the mandatory embedded system background to form a foundation to discuss time and money-saving co-verification techniques. Embedded system is generally accepted to be dedicated computer hardware with software designed to solve a specific problem or task. This is in contrast to a general-purpose computer, which is designed to run any software application programmers create and users choose to install. Embedded systems typically use a microprocessor, combined with other hardware and software, to solve a specific computing problem. Microprocessors range from simple 8-bit microcontrollers to the worlds fastest and most sophisticated 64-bit microprocessors. At a minimum some random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) is required to store the software. Flash memory is commonly used as nonvolatile memory to hold the software and still allow for field upgrades when defects are fixed or other software enhancements are made. In addition to the microprocessor and memory, embedded systems generally have a mix of hardware functions such as timers, interrupt controllers, UARTs, general-purpose input and output (GPIO) pins, direct memory access (DMA) controllers, real time clocks, and liquid crystal display (LCD) controllers. The mix of hardware peripherals varies greatly in embedded systems and is tailored specifically for the requirements of the product. The best way to ensure success in the embedded system world is to verify that the hardware and software work well together even before the project hits the lab.