CHANGES AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SPACE OF BIG CITIES. ANALYSIS AND ACCOUNTING IN THE JUSTIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENT WAYS

Abstract

The city in today's urban planning is treated as a dynamic, flexible and ergatic (capable of self-organization) system. The author distinguishes between the concepts of urban planning and urban development: urban planning — the fundamental science of urban research, identification of fundamental laws and patterns of their functioning and development; urban development is an applied activity (construction) related to solving project tasks. The article clarifies the content of the concepts: changes, transformations in the context of the provisions of metabolism, which determine changes in the structure and processes in cities, determine their viability and the basis of development. It is argued that the cause of today's problems are philosophical and ideological errors and the need to form a new philosophy of human existence, which should be based on finding a balance between man and nature, present and future, change and stability, private and common, and the priority of gender, religious and economic equality.Trends, processes and problems of urban functioning are analyzed, in particular: growth of economic advantages of urbanization, increase of concentration of riches in cities; the dominance of the influence of material factors on urban development; aging of engineering infrastructure and difficulties of its development; increasing uneven settlement of population within cities and regions; change of relations of the city with the environment, etc. The importance is emphasized and some provisions of the methodology of analysis of processes and changes in cities, their consideration in the substantiation of town-planning decisions are substantiated.The requirements of system, sustainability and prospects of urban development, which are united by the concept of regenerative urbanization and circulatory metabolism, are substantiated. Local recommendations for the development of Lviv are given, which include: optimization of urban settlement systems in the region and the city's relations with the environment; equalization of spatial accessibility conditions; improving the safety of the environment and protecting the city from natural and man-made disasters; improvement of management systems and mechanisms at different levels, etc. The task to continue the study of processes, changes and transformations in cities is outlined.