Abstract
United Nations Military Observers (UNMOs) are now targeted by Armed Groups (AGs) due to the change of Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs) practice from a traditional one to the modern one which involves the use of force. The use of force has caused AGs to be violent and start attacking all peacekeepers as a reprisal. This article uses the theory of collective security to analyses the challenges of UNMOs operations in the contemporary PKOs environment in Africa. The study used both primary and secondary data qualitatively. The sample of the study was selected by a purposive sampling technique and in-depth interview and documentary review methods have been used to collect data. The article concludes that UNMOs are ineffective under the contemporary PKOs settings and therefore military contingents are to do the tasks of UNMOs.
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