Challenges of nanoparticle albumin bound (nab™) technology: Comparative study of Abraxane® with a newly developed albumin-stabilized itraconazole nanosuspension

Abstract

Nanoparticle albumin bound™ (nab™) technology is an established delivery platform for development of albumin stabilized nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. By using albumin for particle stabilization, nab™ technology does not require solubilizers or emulsifiers for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs for intravenous use. Despite the great potential, however, to date only two products based on nab™ technology have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration: Abraxane® (nab™ paclitaxel) and Fyarro® (nab™ rapamycin).In this study, the commercially available product Abraxane® was characterized in comparison to an albumin stabilized nanosuspension for the poorly water-soluble drug itraconazole. The aim of this study was to identify critical product parameters of the nanosuspensions depending on the manufacturing process in order to assess the transferability of nab™ technology to other drugs. The colloidal properties, stabilizing protein composition and particle disintegration behavior were analyzed. In addition, studies were carried out on the impact of the key process step, the high-pressure homogenization, using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. A nanosuspension comprising spherical, stable drug nanoparticles stabilized by a large fraction of dissolved albumin around the nanoparticles were identified. During the manufacturing process, the drug core was coated with a layer of albumin, which was cross-linked to a certain level. The Abraxane® and itraconazole suspensions differed in the analyzed protein fraction, with stronger cross-linking at the particle surface for Abraxane®. Both active pharmaceutical ingredients were present in the amorphous state as nanoparticles. In vitro disintegration studies performed to mimic a strong dilution during intravenous application showed the disintegration of the nanoparticles. All in all, the analysis underlined the transferability of the nab™ technology to selected other poorly water-soluble drugs with the great advantage of eliminating solubilizers and emulsifiers for intravenous applications.