Abstract
Based on the full-bodied scientific consensus that climate warming is occurring on Earth, significant environmental and economic benefits may be obtained from cement content reduction in concrete, naming reduction in CO 2 emissions, energy consumption, and construction costs. In contrast, standard limestone aggregate may experience increase in mining rate. The objective of this study was to propose the reduction of cement content in concrete framed by aggregate optimization as a viable alternative to reduce environmental effects from the cement industry. It was concluded that the higher the concrete volume in construction, the more environmental benefit can be obtained by reducing cement content in concrete. A 25 % cement reduction in a concrete pavement led to a decrease of 80.000 tons in CO 2 emission, while a seaport construction displayed a decrease of 17.000 tons of CO 2 . T he higher the designed cement per volume of concrete, the more budget savings in case of reduction in cement content . Port construction presented a reduction of 20,10 USD per m 3 of concrete in cement costs against 11,04 USD per m 3 in pavements. A 11,5 % increase in aggregate mining is expected when concrete contains less cement in its composition, targeting South Florida (U.S.A.) quarries.
Highlights
Nowadays, technological innovations have turnedScientists through a robust scientiic consensus claim that possible cement plants to operate at the 90 % eiciency warming of the climate system is occurring on Earth
Aggregate gradation is deined as the distribution of particles of a granular material among the various size ranges, usually expressed in cumulative percentage passing through standard sieve series
Approach to minimize the environmental impact of using was the Miami Oolite Limestone #57, all according to the any natural mined resource is downgrading its consump- ASTM C33-16e1 (ASTM, 2016), Speciication for Concrete tion rate (Mehta, 2002)
Summary
Scientists through a robust scientiic consensus claim that possible cement plants to operate at the 90 % eiciency warming of the climate system is occurring on Earth. May generate more warming in the climate system, and companies have taken some eicient mea large reduction of GHG is needed to restrain climate asures, more can be done to reduce environmental imchanges, preventing drastic consequences to society and pacts For this reason, this study investigates the inluence environment (NEC, 2016). One procedure largely adopted in modern cement eping the concrete properties at high standard levels is plants to reduce energy consumption is the implementaessential towards better resources management Within this temperature range, most chemical reacwould be observed not just due to the decrease in raw tions occur, reducing the time within rotational kilns materials extraction, and by reducing the energy re- (IEA, 2010). Quired to process the resources (Agopyan and John, 2011; Aissoun, Hwang, and Khayat, 2016)
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