Abstract
Intracellular communication is a vital aspect to the health of any cell. This is especially important for highly compartmentalized cells such as neurons. Signals have to traverse long distances in neuronal axons as this cytoplasmic process can extend for over a meter in humans. During neuronal development, axonal transport is important for axonal guidance and synapse formation. In mature axons, communication between the neuronal cell body and target occurs through electrical signals and trafficking of macromolecules and organelles. After axonal injury, this communication is lost and if not restored can lead to long term functional deficits. The process by which axons regenerate is heavily dependent on changes in intracellular trafficking, that are initiated at the site of damage. This review will highlight known transport mechanisms that are important for neuronal repair of the axon, and provide insights as to how these mechanisms can also be altered in neuronal disease.
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