Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the potential role of CD8 + lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. The chapter describes both the cytolytic and noncytolytic activities of CD8 + cells from infected persons. The CD8 + cells from infected persons are able to suppress HIV-1 replication. Most related studies have been performed by coculturing CD8 + cells with infected CD4 + cells and monitoring the viral replication by supernatant reverse transcriptase (RT) activity or HIV-1 p24 antigen concentration. In the acutely infected individuals, the ability of CD8 + cells to mediate antiviral inhibition develops prior to the development of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and is temporally correlated to the decline of viremia. The role of HIV-l-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in viral suppression has been defined in experiments analogous to the functional assays used to study the viral suppression by bulk CD8 + cells. The HIV-1 replication in CD4 + cells transfected with the appropriate restricting MHC class I molecule is heavily suppressed in the presence of virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), whereas non-transfected CD4 + cells are not inhibited. Thus, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted and epitope-specific triggering of CTLs results in antiviral suppression by two mechanisms: cytolytic and noncytolytic.
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