Abstract
The basic data about residual stresses are considered, and the classification of residual stresses that occur in the surface layer of parts is provided. At the moment, it is customary to divide residual stresses by the volume of balancing into macro-stresses, micro-stresses and submicron stresses, and by the sign — compressive and tensile. The main causes of residual stresses are analyzed, and the factors influencing their occurrence are identified. There are three main causes of residual stresses: uneven plastic deformations in the cutting zone, as a result of the force of the tool on the workpiece, high temperatures accompanying the cutting process, and structural and phase transformations occurring on the surface of the workpiece.
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