Abstract
BackgroundBacterial resistance to commonly-used antibiotics has been on the increase especially in the clinical settings. This study focused on the detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria recovered from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) samples.ResultsAlready characterized isolates from urine samples of UTI-diagnosed in- and out- patients were obtained from the culture pool of the Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of seventy-three ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were used in this study. Of the 73 UTI isolates, 43 carried at least one of the four PMQR genes targeted and they belonged to eight bacterial genera namely: Escherichia (25), Klebsiella (10), Pseudomonas (2), Proteus (2) and one isolate each belonging to Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter and Salmonella genera. qnrA was detected in 10.9% (8/73) of the isolates while the occurrence of qnrB and qnrS was 32.9% (24/73) and 20.5% (15/73), respectively. The quinolone efflux pump (qepA) was detected in 9/73 (12.3%) of the isolates. Thirty of the isolates carried only one PMQR gene, while thirteen carried two PMQR genes. There was no carriage of more than two PMQR genes in the forty-three isolates from which PMQR genes were detected.ConclusionThis study reports the carriage of PMQR determinants by eight of the nine Gram-negative bacterial genera from urinary sources in patients attending the University College Hospital, Ibadan over the four-month period of study. This is quite worrisome as it suggests a high contribution of UTI cases to the burden of quinolone resistance. There is a need for more studies of this nature in other hospitals in Nigeria, to develop a database on the contribution of UTI cases to quinolone resistance.
Highlights
Bacterial resistance to commonly-used antibiotics has been on the increase especially in the clinical settings
Bacteria used for the study This study was carried out in April, 2021, and the isolates used for this study were ciprofloxacin-resistant uropathogens isolated from urine samples of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)- diagnosed population attending the University College Hospital, over a period of 4 months
Of the forty-three isolates showing the carriage of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, 25 were Escherichia coli, 10 were Klebsiella spp., two each for Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp., while Enterobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp., Citrobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. had one isolate each
Summary
Bacterial resistance to commonly-used antibiotics has been on the increase especially in the clinical settings. This study focused on the detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants in ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria recovered from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) samples. The past 30 years have led to an explosive increase in quinolone resistance, especially among the Enterobacterales. This has been brought about by the acquisition of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (Briales et al 2012; Alikhani et al 2013). The mechanisms used by bacteria to resist quinolones include alteration in the genes encoding quinolone target enzymes, regulation of proteins responsible for overexpression of quinolone efflux pumps and intake system (Hooper and Jacoby 2015); in addition to the possession of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants (Strahilevitz et al 2009)
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