Abstract
Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is a particular approach to explore cardiac activity, to develop technics that may serve medical staff to diagnose several cardiac diseases. We took advantage of PCG signal that shows heart murmurs on its tracing dissimilar to other cardiac signals, to design an algorithm to study and classify heart murmurs. In this paper, the importance is given to the severity of murmurs to highlight its impact, since depending on its stage the patient could be in life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: according to the algorithm, extracting murmurs and classifying them to deferent stages then investigate the impact of severity on cardiac frequency through some parameters. The severity stage calculation was based on energy ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, however, we succeed to validate that murmur energy (ME) is also a qualified feature to determine severity. But despite that murmur duration, it's an inefficient way to judge the cardiac severity, which is a very important indicator of the general health of the human body. This study is done on considering many patients and it reveals very interesting results.
Highlights
Phonocardiogram signal is the graphical representation for the audible heart sounds commonly known as heartbeats; a normal representation is composed of two main sounds S1 and S2
Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal as a physiological signal can be affected by several types of pathologies that can occur on the graphical representation, one of the most common disease are murmurs, which are any sound in the heart region other than normal heart sounds; common causes include movement of blood through narrowed or stenosis heart valves and blood leaking through a valve that does not close properly
This study reveals very interesting results that can be arranged on three points: severity of murmur calculation and classifying them into degrees, studying the impact of this severity on the cardiac frequency, and the link between murmur duration over heart cycle and its severity
Summary
Phonocardiogram signal is the graphical representation for the audible heart sounds commonly known as heartbeats; a normal representation is composed of two main sounds S1 and S2. The sound S1 corresponding to the beginning of the ventricular systole is due to the closure of the atrioventricular valves. This sound is composed of four internal components, two of which are the mitral component M1 (associated with mitral valve closure) and the tricuspid component T1 (associated with the closure of the tricuspid valve). Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal as a physiological signal can be affected by several types of pathologies that can occur on the graphical representation, one of the most common disease are murmurs, which are any sound in the heart region other than normal heart sounds; common causes include movement of blood through narrowed or stenosis heart valves and blood leaking through a valve that does not close properly. Systolic murmurs are divided into ejection murmurs (due to blood flow through a narrowed vessel or irregular valve) and regurgitant murmurs
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