The Impact of Murmur’s Severity on the Cardiac Variability

S M Debbal

doi:10.52916/jmrs204030

Abstract

Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is one of the useful approach to explore cardiac activity, and extract many features to help researchers to develop technic that may serve medical stuff to the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. For people when it comes to a heart activity problem it is a serious health matter that need special care. In this paper, the importance is given to heart murmurs to highlight their impact. Heart murmurs are very common disease in world and depend on their severity they could be life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: first is to design an algorithm to extract only heart murmurs from a pathological Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal as a basic background to the whole work. Than calculate their severity based on Energy Ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, in order to classify them to mild, medium and severe murmurs. In other hand, this classification will served to study the impact of severity of systolic and diastolic murmurs on cardiac variability, which is very important indicator on general health of human body. This study is done on consider number of patients and its reveal on very interesting results.

Highlights

Phonocardiogram signal is the graphical representation for the audible heart sounds commonly known as heartbeats; a normal representation is composed by two main sound S1 and S2.The sound S1 corresponding to the beginning of the ventricular systole is due to the closure of the atrioventricular valves
To better understand these phenomena we extended the study to comprise systolic and diastolic murmurs and to evaluate their impact on cardiac variability that can be considered, as is an excellent sign on general health of the human body
This study reveals on very interesting results can be arranged on three points: severity of murmur calculation, the impact of this severity on cardiac variability and the link between murmur duration over heart cycle and its severity

Summary

Introduction

The sound S1 corresponding to the beginning of the ventricular systole is due to the closure of the atrioventricular valves. This sound is composed of four internal components, two of which are the mitral component M1 (associated with mitral valve closure) and the tricuspid component T1 (associated with the closure of the tricuspid valve). The sound S2, which marks the end of the ventricular systole and signifies the beginning of the diastole, is composed of two main components: the aortic component A2 (corresponding to the closure of the aortic valve) and the pulmonary component P2 (corresponding to closure of the pulmonary valve) [1,2,3]. The following figure represents the difference between a normal heart sounds and PCG affected by murmurs

Objectives

Results

Conclusion