Abstract
Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is one of the useful approach to explore cardiac activity, and extract many features to help researchers to develop technic that may serve medical stuff to the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. For people when it comes to a heart activity problem it is a serious health matter that need special care. In this paper, the importance is given to heart murmurs to highlight their impact. Heart murmurs are very common disease in world and depend on their severity they could be life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: first is to design an algorithm to extract only heart murmurs from a pathological phonocardiogram signal (PCG) as a basic background to the whole work. Than calculate their severity based on energy ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, in order to classify them to mild, medium and severe murmurs. In other hand, this classification will served to study the impact of severity of systolic and diastolic murmurs on cardiac variability, which is very important indicator on general health of human body. This study is done on consider number of patients and its reveal on very interesting results.
Highlights
Millions of women [1,2] around the world face health challenges beyond menopause, and a significant proportion of them have a longer life expectancy at birth, while the average age of menopause is only 46 years, it is important to maintain positive post-reproductive health, prevent disease, reduce mortality rates, and improve quality of life
When menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) was used universally, the risk-benefit ratio became unfavorable, its use fell dramatically; more recent studies have introduced the concept of window of opportunity, where MHT has no ill effects and will prevent comorbidities associated with menopause
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has documented benefits, it is associated with [3] some risks such as breast cancer and thromboembolism, worsening the already increased risks related to morbidity, age and pregnancy and menopause
Summary
Millions of women [1,2] around the world face health challenges beyond menopause, and a significant proportion of them have a longer life expectancy at birth, while the average age of menopause is only 46 years, it is important to maintain positive post-reproductive health, prevent disease, reduce mortality rates, and improve quality of life. Other studies [7,8,9] have generated interest in MHT due to encouraging results with a beneficial effect on coronary artery disease; Hormone therapy started immediately after menopause (up to 7 months postmenopause) significantly reduces mortality from coronary artery disease It showed a lower incidence [5, 10, 18] of heart failure and myocardial infarction; without increasing the risk of thromboembolic events, stroke, or cancer; in women with an average age of 50 years, within the first 3 years of menopause. To reduce [22,23,24] the risk of coronary heart disease and general mortality in women, the best strategy would be to start hormone therapy within 10 years of menopause and / or before 60 years of age, for a short period of time. Premature menopause requires a standard MHT dose prescribed until the age of natural menopause and discontinued with an informed decision
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