Abstract
Vertically aligned TiO2 nanotube (TONT) arrays on titanium substrate developed by facile electrochemical anodization in an aqueous solution of 0.5M Na2SO4, 0.5M H3PO4, 0.2M sodium citrate, and 0.5wt% NaF were prepared having a pore diameter and thickness of 100nm and 1.2μm, respectively. The undoped (u-doped) TONT arrays possessing an anatase phase were again annealed at 500°C under a mixed gas flux of nitrogen (N2) and acetylene (C2H2), to induce the enhancement of electrical conductivity. It was designated as carbon-doped (c-doped) TONT arrays. Undoped and c-doped TONT arrays were compared using various characterization tools, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, based on several electrochemical tests (galvanostatic charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)), it was observed that c-doped TONT arrays revealed improved charge/discharge capacity, cycle stability, and rate capability, due to the enhanced electrical conductivity of c-doped TONT arrays.
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