Abstract
Marx identified a transitional phase between capitalism and communism in which society is transformed under a Revolutionary Dictatorship, but still retains aspects of the capitalist society from which it was born. Socialist construction then, is not only the process of developing the productive forces and transforming the relations of production. It is also a process of continued ideological and class struggle against remaining capitalist elements within society. This is both a struggle against the resurgence of capitalist relations within the economic base, as well as a project of societal transformation. Much of the debate over China's economy rests on the nature of the 1978 Reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping. Marxists debate whether these Reforms represent a break with the project of socialist construction in China or a development of this process. This paper will critically review the scholarship on the question of socialist construction in China before and after the Reforms, reviewing works by Deng Xiaoping, Domenico Losurdo, Charles Bettelheim , William Hinton, Pao-Yu Ching, Minqi Li, and Zhun Xu.
Published Version
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