Abstract
Energy and power fade of lithium-ion batteries over time is a cause of complaints from Electric and Hybrid vehicles customers. Car manufacturers strive to improve accuracy of battery performance degradation predictions, in order to reduce warranty costs. Currently, these predictions are mainly based on accelerated aging tests in cycling mode or on calendar tests. However, testing protocols with combination of calendar and cycling modes representing the usage of a vehicle in real life application are not much used. In this paper, a mixed aging protocol combining cycling and calendar repetitive phases is elaborated. Experimental results obtained on a LIB technology are presented and discussed in comparison with conventional accelerated cycling tests at the same conditions.
Highlights
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is a promising candidate for current and new generations of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to their significantly increased energetic and power densities compared to previous NiMH generations
Three cells are submitted to similar conditions, and the performance degradation of each one is measured during Reference Performance Tests (RPTs) presented in details in 2.3
In a real automotive application, LIBs are submitted to a complex usage mixing calendar and cycling aging modes
Summary
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology is a promising candidate for current and new generations of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to their significantly increased energetic and power densities compared to previous NiMH generations. In order to tackle this issue, car manufacturers, suppliers and research centers have teamed their efforts into the French National collaborative program MOBICUS, whose purpose is to design and validate strategies to extend battery lifespan, depending on vehicle usage and charging patterns. As part of this program, this study presents a specific aging protocol where cycling phases are interrupted by long rest period representing vehicle driving periods followed by parking phases. This aging protocol is considered by being much closer to the practical use of a LIB than conventional accelerated cycling aging tests. Results of these tests can be compared to more conventional accelerated storage and cycling tests in order to observe influence of alternating aging modes on cell lifetime
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